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Culture of Human Cardiomyocytes and its Applications in Drug Discovery and Research

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  What are Human Cardiomyocytes? The  heart  is one of the first organs formed in the embryo, which highlights its crucial function in pumping blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to other tissues of the organism whether during development or in later life. Human primordial heart starts to beat at around 22 days after fertilization. It is the presence of cardiomyocytes that results in the early beating of the heart. Cardiomyocytes, or cardiac muscle cells are the main type of heart cells and act as the motor unit to drive heart contraction and relaxation. Particularly, adult human primary cardiomyocyte is a preferred in vitro model to evaluate drug-induced cardiotoxicity risk and develop new drugs for cardiac diseases [1].   How to isolate and culture Human  Cardiomyocytes? 1. Incubate cardiac tissue for 15 min in Krebs-Ringer solution supplemented with protease XXIV. 2. Transfer the partially digested tissue to Krebs-Ringer saline containing a combination of collagenase A and hyaluroni

A Brief Overview of Animal Primary Cells

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  Animal Primary Cells Animal primary cells  are isolated directly from healthy or diseased tissue via an enzymatic, chemical, or mechanical process. These cells can be taken from the animal’s kidney, liver, skin, or another organ. Once removed from the in vivo environment, these cells are then placed in an artificial (in vitro) environment for propagation.   When in an in vitro environment, animal cells must be carefully cultured. This includes ensuring that the cells are supplied with essential amino acids, vitamins, serum, and glucose needed for proper growth.   Many animals can provide cells suitable for research purposes, including mice, rats, dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, horses, and chickens. The cells obtained from these animals can be classified in two distinct types: adherent and suspension.   Adherent cells are grown in monolayers that are attached to a substrate. Most animal cells fall into this category. Suspension cells (or anchorage-independent cells) are grown in a free

Huh-7: Origins and Research Value

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  The Huh-7 cell line has proven to be highly beneficial for   in vitro  research into hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dengue fever, and hepatoma. Like human cancer cell lines in general, Huh-7 is a mainstay in the study of tumors and the development of drugs to combat them.   Liver cancer research  is especially dependent on Huh-7. As hepatoma is strongly linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (about 85% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases are caused by the hepatitis B or C virus), the Huh-7 cell line is widely used by researchers of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver cancers. It is likely that future breakthroughs will expand the range of research applications that rely on Huh-7 cells. 1   What Are Huh-7 Cells? Huh-7 is an immortal human hepatic cell line that is highly heterogenous. The majority of these cells have a chromosome number between 55 and 63, with a mode of 60. They are tumorigenic, adherent cells that normally generate two-dimensional cell monolayers. 2,3     Figure1.