AcceGen

Background SH-SY5Y cells, the subline of the parental line SK-N-SH cells, are originally established from a bone marrow biopsy of a  neuroblastoma  patient with sympathetic adrenergic ganglial origin. SK-N-SH were subcloned three times: first to SH-SY, and then to SH-SY5, finally to SH-SY5Y. SH-SY5Y were deposited to the ATCC® in 1970 by June L. Biedler. Once the primary mammalian neurons derived from embryonic central nervous system tissue terminally differentiate into mature neurons, the cells can be no longer propagated. While the application of SH-SY5Y overcomes this limitation  [1] .   The SH-SY5Y cell line is a comparatively homogeneous neuroblast-like cell line, which exhibits neuronal marker  enzyme activity  (tyrosine and dopamine-β-hydroxylases), specific uptake of norepinephrine (NA), and expresses one or more neurofilament proteins. SH SY5Y cells also express opioid, muscarinic, and nerve growth factor receptors. In addition, SH-SY5Y cells are able to proliferate in culture

Leukemia cell lines are important and widely used research tools. Their usefulness is mainly connected with their ability to provide an indefinite source of biological material for experimental purposes. Due to their high relevance for human disease, easy manipulation, and relative low costs, leukemia cell lines continue to represent vital  in vitro  model systems for a large range of ongoing investigations, especially basic leukemia research and drug discovery.   History of Human Leukemia cell lines In 1963, the first continuous human hematopoietic cell lines were established from Nigerian patients with  Burkitt’s lymphoma  by Pulvertaft at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. The  cell line RAJI  is the best known culture of this series [1].   In 1970, the  K562  cell  line , the first hematopoietic cell line derived from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), was established from the pleural fluid of a patient with CML in blast crisis [2].   Furthermore, the availability of recombinant gro