Development and Application of CRISPR/cas9 Gene Editing Technology
This year, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of their contributions to gene editing technology[1]. They developed one of the sharpest tools in gene technology: CRISPR-Cas9 , which was known as “genetic scissors”. Scientists are able to precisely alter the DNA of animals, plants and microbes by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology[2]. The CRISPR-Cas9 system found in Streptococcus thermophilus uses this mechanism to resist invading viruses. In the past few years, this mechanism has brought revolutionary changes to DNA engineering and biomedical research[3]. The principles in gene editing CRISPR consists of a small set of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic genomes that have been obtained from previous phage infections[4]. The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of a targeting specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) and a Cas9 endonuclease. Targeting specific sgRNA which formed by the fusion of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and transduction CRISP