AcceGen

This year, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of their contributions to gene editing technology[1]. They developed one of the sharpest tools in gene technology:   CRISPR-Cas9 , which was known as “genetic scissors”. Scientists are able to precisely alter the DNA of animals, plants and microbes by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology[2].   The CRISPR-Cas9 system found in  Streptococcus thermophilus  uses this mechanism to resist invading viruses. In the past few years, this mechanism has brought revolutionary changes to DNA engineering and biomedical research[3].   The principles in gene editing CRISPR consists of a small set of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic genomes that have been obtained from previous phage infections[4]. The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of a targeting specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) and a Cas9 endonuclease. Targeting specific sgRNA which formed by the fusion of CRISPR ...

  Since its discovery in 1993,   microRNA (miRNA)  has proven its value in biotechnological research many times over. MicroRNA is a small (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNA molecule that occurs in animals, plants, and certain viruses. These molecules have been found to play a hugely important role in the regulation of gene expression after transcription, and well over one thousand miRNAs can be found in the human genome. They are believed to influence at least 30 percent of human genes.     MiRNA inhibitors and mimics promote RNA silencing by cleaving the messenger RNA (mRNA) strand into separate pieces, destabilizing the mRNA via shortening of the poly(A) tail, and/or interfering with the translation of mRNA into proteins.   MiRNA agomir/antagomir synthetic molecules provide biotech researchers with a powerful tool for their investigations.   About Agomir Agomir is a chemically modified double-strand miRNA mimic that regulates ...

  Stable cell lines  are an important research tool used by pharmaceutical companies, for gene therapy research, and for compounding research. Each stable cell line is constructed using various methods to determine whether it will be a knockout cell line or an overexpression cell line.     The process uses do vary but, in general, stable cell lines are constructed by integrating the  exogenous plasmid DNA  into a host cell  chromosome  so that the host cell can express the protein of interest for a longer period. The exogenous is capable of being stably expressed in cell division for as long as two weeks.   What Is the Benefit of Using Stable Cell Lines? Using stable cell lines helps improve screen processes to determine the appropriate number of cells required for various compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. In addition, stable cell lines can help reduce costs since the use of excessive conversion of dyes and virus packaging can be greatly re...

  The Composition of The Brain Nervous System The  brain spheres  are broadly composed of two types of cells: neurons and glial cells[1].  Neurons  are the anatomical, functional, and nutritional units of the brain. Although, the size and shape of neurons are quite different, they have common morphological characteristics and are important substances in complex communication networks[2].   Glial cells  are vital for maintaining hemostasis, protecting neurons and forming myelin in the Central Nervous System(CNS)[3]. There are mainly three types of glial cells, including  microglia , which are essential for the immune response of the central nervous system;  oligodendrocytes , which provide myelin and support for neurons;  astrocytes , which are crucial for neuron nutrition providing and brain repairing[4]. The study of Buffo  et al  has shown that during brain injury, astrocytes acquire stem cell properties and hence m...